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Wigginton E. Creed: Pacific Gas and Electric Company

12/27/2021

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"The high road to greater progress runs along the line of cooperation between business and the public. . . . The businessman must work out his own salvation, without asking or expecting too much from others. His attention must be concentrated as much upon what he can give to the cause of human progress as upon what he can get.   . . . 
Picture of Wigginton Ellis Creed, President of Pacific Gas and Electric Company circa 1923.
"At all times, the business man must be conscious of his obligation to help to right what seems wrong, or, in the light of more knowledge, may hereafter seem wrong.

​"If he is slow to do this, if his attitude is recalcitrant, he may find himself overtaken by public ownership or strangled by regulatory legislation hastily applied and poorly conceived, an expression of retaliation and not of sound judgment. 
​
"He [or she] can avoid these results by recognizing the tendencies of intelligent public opinion and by cultivating an idealism which shall precede and not follow the public conscience.

"He [or she] must let the public know what he is doing and why."
Wigginton Ellis Creed, 1923
Review of B. C. Forbes, "Men Who Are Making the West" is coming next week.
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General Motors' Alfred P. Sloan Jr. on "Coordinated Decentralization"

12/20/2021

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​Are the chief executives who are breaking up the largest and best of America’s corporations making the right decision?

​Alfred P. Sloan would probably remark that the weakness in these institutions isn’t within the size and scope of their corporations, but in their top executives’ limited thinking and over-centralization of their organizations.
Image of Alfred P. Sloan Jr.'s
​Alfred P. Sloan’s book My Years with General Motors which was published in 1964 established his concept of leadership based on “coordinated decentralization.” A quote of Sloan’s from B. C. Forbes’ book the Automotive Giants of America published thirty-eight years earlier—in 1926, documents that this was not a new perspective for him but an overriding feature of his unique leadership style:
​“I never give orders. … It is better to appeal to the intelligence of a man than to the military authority invested in you. … You must grant a large measure of responsibility to the man placed in an important position. Such a man has, of course, unusual ability, unusual brains. But it is often hard to bring home to such a man in such a position that he does not know it all, and that he could profit by counselling with others. …
“It is often extremely difficult to get a man [an executive] in the frame of mind where he will gladly seek to gather from other people in the organization what would offset … his [or her] own weakness.
​
“Yet this must be done in a large organization to bring about a maximum of efficiency and effectiveness.”
​Although this concept was not articulated directly by Watson Jr. when he reorganized the IBM Corporation after the death of his father, coordinated decentralization was at the heart of how the son kicked in the IBM’s growth afterburners.

It is a concept that should be revitalized before breaking up the largest and best of our old American, industrialist-built institutions: IBM, General Electric, and Johnson and Johnson. Industrialist-minded chief executives understand that larger is better … easier to control … and easier to manage with coordinated decentralization … Chief executives must empower their top generals to lead but be ready to exercise a "coordinating influence" when necessary.

Who are America's chief executives’ top counselors? Would they listen to Alfred P. Sloan?

The country needs more industrialist-minded leaders …

… like Alfred P. Sloan.
Read “My Years with General Motors" by Alfred P. Sloan.
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IBM's Affordable Housing Project: 1935–49

12/13/2021

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​Have American Corporations built homes for their employees?
Yes. One example among many was IBM—International Business Machines—which, under the direction of Thomas J. Watson Sr., built homes for its employees through the Endicott Highlands Development Corporation from 1935–36 through 1947–49. The corporation was especially active after World War II in providing homes—at cost—for the corporation’s World War II veterans in the Endicott area.
Picture of IBM built homes in Endicott, New York with the tagline: IBM Built Affordable Housing for its Employees.
​

Select image to read full article
​Were the homes that IBM built affordable?
​Yes. In 1937, the average yearly pay for an hourly (non-salaried) IBM Endicott Employee was $1,913 or $160 a month to pay a $33 monthly installment on a $3,600 mortgage. Putting this into 2021 dollars, this would be a yearly salary of $38,000 or $3200 per month to pay a $650 monthly installment on a $71,000 mortgage.
​[See Footnote in the article: There were many other 20th Century home-building corporations]
Select to read the full article
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Enlighten Your Americanism: Take A "Little Journey to the Constitution"

12/6/2021

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In 1947, the United States of America—after assisting the other democracies of the world to defeat the fascist leaders of Germany, Italy and Japan—faced a new threat: A Mao Tse-tung-lead Communist China and a Stalin-lead Russian Dictatorship.

​This article was written by a Senator from Wisconsin when being “American” was under attack by these dictators’ propaganda machines.
Picture of a baby being lifted into the air with the tagline: Truth, Justice, The American Way.
Select Image to take a ​"Little Constitutional Journey."
The Honorable Alexander Wiley wrote:
​“A term that is frequently heard these days is: ‘Un-American.’ How can you and I be sure that it should not at times be applied to us—that we ourselves are really thinking in the American way, living in the American way, actually being American in our personal lives?
​“The answer to that question is not as simple as it would appear to be. … I submit that one way by which we can be sure that we are thinking American is from time to time to take ‘Little Journeys to the Constitution,’ there to familiarize ourselves anew with the basic doctrine and the basic landmarks of the American heritage.”
The answer the Senator gave more than sixty years ago is as relevant today as then. The United States faces two new but eerily similar threats: a Xi Jinping-lead Communist China and a Putin-lead Russian Dictatorship. These two leaders have the same long-term goal as their predecessors: they would bring an end to any country that strives to provide its citizens with freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
​​I would reinforce as Woodrow Wilson did during World War I that this is not a struggle between our peoples—the people of the United States or the peoples of China or Russia—but against oppressive governments who enslave their own.
Sidebar with the words of Josef Stalin at a speech of the Moscow Soviet in 1941. Words of betrayal.
Judge actions, not words.
Select this to read the full article by the Honorable Alexander Wiley.
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    Peter E. Greulich

    Pete has been studying IBM and early American corporate history since his retirement in 2011. These are his thoughts and musings, and of those whose biographies he has read with links to articles and book reviews on this website.


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  • Home
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          • A Business Biography
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