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Economic Expansions by IBM CEO

Comparing IBM CEO Economic Expansions

Published August 7, 2021
A slide with the sun rising over the plant earth and the heading
As we say in sales, "Right time, right place sure goes a long way to making quota." Good timing can be mistaken for great salesmanship or even superb leadership. It would be a humble chief executive who would admit that 95% of his or her tenure was supported by one of history's longest and strongest economic expansions.
​IBM Chief Executive Officers' Business Cycle Expansions
In some of the cases below, IBM's Chief Executive Officers rarely saw cloudy skies, much less stormy weather; others barely had time to catch their breath during ever shorter economic expansions with beginning and ending recessionary bookends. ​​Sometimes right time, right place—catching the right tailwind—isn't given enough credit for a company's successful turnaround.

​This is captured in the business expression that "a rising tide lifts all boats." This is why any evaluation of an executive's leadership and business results requires an analysis of both the economic expansions and contractions during their time in the corner office.

These are the economic expansions [Economic Contractions Are Here].
  • Business Cycle Expansion Observations:
    • Louis V. Gerstner had the longest business cycle expansion in recorded U.S. history
    • Thomas J. (Tom) Watson and Virginia M. (Ginni) Rometty were close seconds
    • Samuel J. (Sam) Palmisano and John F. Akers were in third place
    • Thomas J. Watson Sr. just lived with the ups and downs.
A chart showing all of IBM's CEOs mapped to the U.S. Business Cycle Expansions in history: Thomas J. Watson Sr., Thomas J. Watson Jr., T. Vincent (Vin) Learson, Frank T. Cary, John R. Opel, John F. Akers, Louis V. (Lou) Gerstner, Samuel J. (Sam) Palmisano, Virginia M. (Ginni) Rometty and Arvind Krishna.
* Arvind Krishna has not been added to this chart since the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) takes time to determine inflection points such as recessions or expansions in the economy. It is worth noting that Virginia M. Rometty retired before the full effect of the coronavirus situation could be felt.

Many economists feel certain that an economic downturn was taking effect after the 1st Quarter of 2020, but, as always, let's wait on the data.

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  • Home
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  • Books / Bibliography
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      • Preface
      • Foreword
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    • A View from Beneath >
      • Preface
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        • Two R.A. Days Hit Home
        • R.A. Day Kills Productivity
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          • Edison: My Friend
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        • Procter, William C.
        • Rockefeller Sr., John D.
        • Rosenwald, Julius
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          • A Business Biography
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        • Watson Sr., Thomas J. >
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          • Selected Addresses
          • New Industrial Leader
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          • America's Twelve Master Salesmen
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          • The Companion Series
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          • The Problems of Lasting Peace
        • Lincoln, Abraham
        • Mesta, Perle
        • Roosevelt, Teddy
        • Wilson, Woodrow >
          • The New Freedom
          • The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson
          • Life and Letters >
            • Volume IV: President
            • Volume V: Neutrality
            • Volume VI: Facing War
          • Woodrow Wilson's Last Words
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      • Divestitures >
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        • Kyndryl Top Questions
        • Martin Schroeter
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        • Resource Actions
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          • Cutting Old Heads
        • Employee Engagement
        • Aren't Buying Into IBM
        • Massive Work Slowdown
        • Failure of Work at Home
      • Financial Engineering >
        • Workforce Rebalancing
        • Aggressive Bookkeeping
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        • Do Share Buybacks Work?
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          • The Greatest Gamble
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        • The Wild Goose
        • Royal Dissenters
        • Corporate Constitution
        • Respect for the Individual
        • Service to the Customer
        • Pursuit of Excellence
    • Corporate Products >
      • 1890: U.S. Census
      • 1920: Dayton Scales
      • 1940: The Electromatic
    • Thomas J. Watson Sr. >
      • Articles by Watson >
        • On World Peace
        • On the Cost of War
        • On Public Education
        • On Thomas Jefferson
        • On Thoughtful Mistakes
        • On Stakeholder Relations
      • Articles about Watson >
        • The $1,000-A-Day Chief Executive Officer
        • Employees are Valued
        • Democracy's Man o' War
        • Human Relations in 1956
        • A CEO Who Earned His Pay
        • The Lengthening Shadow
      • Slice of Life Stories >
        • Dali, Salvador
        • Drucker, Peter F. >
          • Authority and Power
          • Short-Term Thinking
          • A Corporate Culture
          • Raising Business Issues
          • Focus on Principles
          • Character and Manners
          • Knowledge Workers
          • Recognizing Ability
          • Individual Respect
          • Employee Paternalism
        • Eastman, George
        • Penney, J. C. (James Cash) >
          • Watson Homestead
          • Golden Rule Businesses
        • Fighting Discrimination
      • Pre-World War II >
        • A Lost Dream of Peace
        • USO Camp Show Founder
      • World War II Effort >
        • Selling War Bonds
        • Production Awards
        • Controlling Profits
        • Machine Records Units
        • Wartime Contributions
        • Widows & Orphans Fund
        • Declaring Human Rights
        • Supporting Home Morale
        • Employee Military Service
        • War's End & Reconversion
      • Post-World War II >
        • Endicott Memorial
        • Poughkeepsie Memorial
        • Rehiring WWII Veterans
      • A Pajama Party
      • A 1943 Tax Problem
      • The Story of "THINK"
      • A Gift of Retirement
      • Learning from Crises
      • IBM Employee Housing >
        • Construction Timeline
      • Two Journalists "THINK"
      • A Buddy Davis Interview
      • Quotes of Watson
      • Quotes about Watson
      • Women in the Workplace
      • A Successful Rebranding
      • Tom Watson's Wild Ducks
  • Articles
    • Corporate Articles >
      • High-Performance Corporations
      • The Art of the Restart
      • Crises, Recoveries & Lessons Learned
      • Strategy Should Create Human Relationships
      • A Time-Tested Corporate Constitution
      • IBM, JC Penney and The Golden Rule
      • How IBM Created its 20th Century Brand
      • The Greatest Business Risk of the 20th Century
      • How to Grow a Business
      • The Importance of Sales Productivity
      • How Much Is a Great CEO Worth
      • Let Your Guard Down
    • Business Articles >
      • Business Witticism
      • The Golden Rule in Business
      • Who and What Built Early American Capitalism
      • Capitalism Needs Industrialist Minded CEOs
      • Producing Corporate True Steel
      • CEO Perspectives >
        • Rules of Success
        • Top Employee Qualities
        • Industrialist vs. Capitalist
      • An Open Letter to the World's CEOs
      • Henry Ford Takes Control
      • The Razor Blade Business Model
      • Two Successful 20th Century Businesswomen
      • Sears: A Dead Franchise Walking
      • A LinkedIn Incognito Mode
      • Value a College Education
    • Political Articles >
      • Political Witticisms
      • Memorial Day
      • Pursuing The "American Way"
      • America: Home of the Brave
      • Securing the Borders of the Americas
      • General Grant's Stand for Justice
      • America's Heartland Stands Strong
      • The New Freedom
      • Teddy Roosevelt on Socialism
    • Spiritual Articles >
      • Inauguration Day Prayer
      • Wilson's Last Words
      • Spiritual Songs
    • Fiction Articles >
      • A Father's Love
      • Introducing a Friend to God
      • Hyphenated Relationships
  • Contact
  • Blog