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        • Fighting Discrimination
      • Pre-World War II >
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        • USO Camp Show Founder
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        • Selling War Bonds
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        • Supporting Home Morale
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"An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man.  . . . All history resolves itself very easily into the biography of a few stout and earnest persons."
Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Self-Reliance"

Tom Watson Sr.'s Lengthened Shadow

Published August 30, 2021
A slide with an image of the biography of Tom Watson Sr. entitled
The following excerpt from Emerson's "Self-Reliance" is far more applicable in the study of the life of Thomas J. Watson Sr.
"Character teaches above our wills. Men imagine that they communicate their virtue or vice only by overt actions, and do not see that virtue or vice emit a breath every moment. … The voyage of the best ship is a zigzag line of a hundred tacks. See the line from a sufficient distance, and it straightens itself to the average tendency. Your genuine action will explain itself, and will explain your other genuine actions."
It is now possible to look at the many "tacks" of Watson Sr.'s life and see his character "straighten itself to the average tendency." His "genuine actions" most any man or woman would be proud to emulate.
Peter E. Greulich
 Two Perspectives on "The Lengthening Shadow"
 Editorial Perspective from The Binghamton Press, June 24, 1962
"The Lengthening Shadow, since its publication in 1962, is the major source of historical information for almost all works that follow it on Thomas J. Watson Sr. or the early IBM Corporation.

"In September 1956 the future publisher, Little, Brown & Company approached the husband and wife team of Thomas and Marva Belden with a proposal from IBM. IBM desired a biography written about Mr. Watson—the company founder. The Beldens at first replied that they did not care to write a eulogy; for Watson Sr. had just passed away a few months earlier.

​The publisher told them that IBM wanted a "disinterested" work. Tom Watson Jr., Watson's son and IBM's chairman of the board, told the Beldens that he wanted a 'hard look.'
Cover of the book
"The Beldens agreed to provide IBM with the manuscript for a set fee, without royalty rights. The contract stipulated that it would be a 'disinterested' work, and if IBM accepted it without demanding 'substantial changes' it would be published with the names of the authors. But if IBM was unhappy with the manuscript, it could not be published under their names. As it turns out, IBM accepted the manuscript as it was written. The authors believe the treatment to be factual and that they neither skipped nor glossed over any major events in the life of IBM's founder. The title was inspired by Ralph Waldo Emerson's line, 'An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man.' Mr. Watson used to quote It quite often. The authors stated that, 'We really stole it from him.'

"The Beldens started on the book in 1957. Thomas Belden did some research at Endicott, and at Watson Sr.'s birthplace near Painted Post. The book starts with Watson's early years, covers his career and troubles at NCR, IBM's antitrust problems, and its growth."
"Biography of the late Thomas J. Watson out July 26," The Binghamton Press, June 24, 1962
 Peter E. Greulich's Perspective
Peter E. Greulich has written a book review of The Lengthening Shadow. He believes that the work was well done but also finds much to agree with in the Binghamton Press editorial which was written at the time of the books publication.

There were some major oversights in the Belden's research and delivery of the final product. The final product was "too disinterested" and in attempting to not write a "eulogy," the Beldens missed much of the greatness of Watson Sr. outside of the business of IBM. These shortcomings are mostly in the area of Tom Watson's humanitarian works. It is impossible to separate Watson
—the business man, and Watson—the humanitarian, as they were closely intertwined. He used his corporation to do good works in the service of mankind.

​Pete hopes to fill in these gaps with information published here on this website, and a new review of the life of Thomas J. Watson Sr.

Return to the Thomas J. Watson Sr. History Home Page
© 2022 Peter E. Greulich. All Rights Reserved
​
Information posted on this site recognizes the legal right of copyrighted material. The following material is considered in the public domain effective January 1, 2022: (1) works published in the United States prior to 1927, (2) works published in the United States after 1926 but before 1964 with a proper © copyright notice that were not renewed in their 28th year, and (3) works published in the United States before 1978 that have no © copyright notice, and (4) all unpublished works created over 120 years ago. Other documents used here that do not fit these criteria are used in good faith and a belief that such usage would withstand a test of fair use. Any concerns with the public domain or fair usage of material on this site will be removed until a discussion can resolve the matter with its permanent removal or republication. Just use the "Contact" menu item above or the "Contact Us" hyperlink provided here: [Contact Us]
  • Home
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    • A View from Beneath >
      • Preface
      • Resource Actions >
        • Two R.A. Days Hit Home
        • R.A. Day Kills Productivity
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        • Penney, James C. >
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        • Procter, William C.
        • Rockefeller Sr., John D.
        • Rosenwald, Julius
        • Sloan Jr., Alfred P.
        • Swope, Gerard >
          • Swope of G.E.
          • The Swope Plan
          • Selected Addresses
        • Verity, George M. >
          • True Steel
          • Character & Success
        • Wanamaker, John >
          • A Business Biography
          • Retail Firsts
        • Watson Jr., Thomas J. >
          • A Business and Its Beliefs
          • Management Briefings
          • Father, Son & Company
        • Watson Sr., Thomas J. >
          • Human Relations
          • Men-Minutes-Money
          • The Lengthening Shadow
        • Young, Owen D. >
          • Selected Addresses
          • New Industrial Leader
      • Capitalists >
        • Baruch, Bernard M. >
          • My Own Story
          • The Public Years >
            • A Review
            • Second Thoughts
        • Schiff, Jacob H.
      • Journalists >
        • Baker, Ray Stannard >
          • Autobiography
          • The Color Line
          • Woodrow Wilson
        • Crowther, Samuel >
          • Articles >
            • Bantam Ball Bearing
          • Biographies
          • Industrialist Anthology
        • Gunther, John >
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        • Steffens, Lincoln
        • Sullivan, Mark >
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          • 101 Unusual Experiences
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          • The Companion Series
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        • Lincoln, Abraham
        • Mesta, Perle
        • Roosevelt, Teddy
        • Wilson, Woodrow >
          • The New Freedom
          • The Ordeal of Woodrow Wilson
          • Life and Letters >
            • Volume IV: President
            • Volume V: Neutrality
            • Volume VI: Facing War
          • Woodrow Wilson's Last Words
      • Educators >
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          • Up From Slavery
          • Character Building
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        • 2018 Patent Performance
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        • Acquisition: Red Hat >
          • A $35 Billion Gamble
          • IBM + Red Hat 2019 Results
        • Acquisitions: Goodwill
        • Acquisitions: Since 2001
      • Centralization >
        • A Lost Federation
        • The Need to Decentralize
      • Divestitures >
        • Kyndryl Analysis
        • Kyndryl Top Questions
        • Martin Schroeter
      • Employees >
        • Resource Actions
        • Age Discrimination >
          • Cutting Old Heads
        • Employee Engagement
        • Aren't Buying Into IBM
        • Massive Work Slowdown
        • Failure of Work at Home
      • Financial Engineering >
        • Workforce Rebalancing
        • Aggressive Bookkeeping
      • Shareholders >
        • Share Buybacks
        • Shareholder Risk
        • Employee Engagement
        • Warren Buffett's Mistake
        • Do Share Buybacks Work?
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        • The First 100 Days
      • Ginni Rometty Overview >
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        • Revenue & Profit
  • 20th Century IBM
    • Corporate Performance >
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        • Revenue Per Employee
        • Profit Growth
        • Profit Per Employee
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        • Goodwill
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        • Stock Market Headwinds
        • CEO Historic Footnotes >
          • IBM's Founding Team
          • Financial Engineering
          • The Greatest Gamble
    • Corporate Practices >
      • IBM Anniversaries
      • IBM Benefits
      • IBM Creativity >
        • IBM Cartoons
        • IBM Song Books
        • IBM UK Dictionary
        • IBM Computing Dictionary
      • IBM Wild Ducks >
        • The Wild Goose
        • Royal Dissenters
        • Corporate Constitution
        • Respect for the Individual
        • Service to the Customer
        • Pursuit of Excellence
    • Corporate Products >
      • 1890: U.S. Census
      • 1920: Dayton Scales
      • 1940: The Electromatic
    • Thomas J. Watson Sr. >
      • Articles by Watson >
        • On World Peace
        • On the Cost of War
        • On Public Education
        • On Thomas Jefferson
        • On Thoughtful Mistakes
        • On Stakeholder Relations
      • Articles about Watson >
        • The $1,000-A-Day Chief Executive Officer
        • Employees are Valued
        • Democracy's Man o' War
        • Human Relations in 1956
        • A CEO Who Earned His Pay
        • The Lengthening Shadow
      • Slice of Life Stories >
        • Dali, Salvador
        • Drucker, Peter F. >
          • Authority and Power
          • Short-Term Thinking
          • A Corporate Culture
          • Raising Business Issues
          • Focus on Principles
          • Character and Manners
          • Knowledge Workers
          • Recognizing Ability
          • Individual Respect
          • Employee Paternalism
        • Eastman, George
        • Penney, J. C. (James Cash) >
          • Watson Homestead
          • Golden Rule Businesses
        • Fighting Discrimination
      • Pre-World War II >
        • A Lost Dream of Peace
        • USO Camp Show Founder
      • World War II Effort >
        • Selling War Bonds
        • Production Awards
        • Controlling Profits
        • Machine Records Units
        • Wartime Contributions
        • Widows & Orphans Fund
        • Declaring Human Rights
        • Supporting Home Morale
        • Employee Military Service
        • War's End & Reconversion
      • Post-World War II >
        • Endicott Memorial
        • Poughkeepsie Memorial
        • Rehiring WWII Veterans
      • A Pajama Party
      • A 1943 Tax Problem
      • The Story of "THINK"
      • A Gift of Retirement
      • Learning from Crises
      • IBM Employee Housing >
        • Construction Timeline
      • Two Journalists "THINK"
      • A Buddy Davis Interview
      • Quotes of Watson
      • Quotes about Watson
      • Women in the Workplace
      • A Successful Rebranding
      • Tom Watson's Wild Ducks
  • Articles
    • Corporate Articles >
      • High-Performance Corporations
      • The Art of the Restart
      • Crises, Recoveries & Lessons Learned
      • Strategy Should Create Human Relationships
      • A Time-Tested Corporate Constitution
      • IBM, JC Penney and The Golden Rule
      • How IBM Created its 20th Century Brand
      • The Greatest Business Risk of the 20th Century
      • How to Grow a Business
      • The Importance of Sales Productivity
      • How Much Is a Great CEO Worth
      • Let Your Guard Down
    • Business Articles >
      • Business Witticism
      • The Golden Rule in Business
      • Who and What Built Early American Capitalism
      • Capitalism Needs Industrialist Minded CEOs
      • Producing Corporate True Steel
      • CEO Perspectives >
        • Rules of Success
        • Top Employee Qualities
        • Industrialist vs. Capitalist
      • An Open Letter to the World's CEOs
      • Henry Ford Takes Control
      • The Razor Blade Business Model
      • Two Successful 20th Century Businesswomen
      • Sears: A Dead Franchise Walking
      • A LinkedIn Incognito Mode
      • Value a College Education
    • Political Articles >
      • Political Witticisms
      • Memorial Day
      • Pursuing The "American Way"
      • America: Home of the Brave
      • Securing the Borders of the Americas
      • General Grant's Stand for Justice
      • America's Heartland Stands Strong
      • The New Freedom
      • Teddy Roosevelt on Socialism
    • Spiritual Articles >
      • Inauguration Day Prayer
      • Wilson's Last Words
      • Spiritual Songs
    • Fiction Articles >
      • A Father's Love
      • Introducing a Friend to God
      • Hyphenated Relationships
  • Contact
  • Blog